Allergies affect as many as 30% of adults and 40% of children in the United States. While some people may only experience occasional sneezing during allergy season, others could face severe reactions that require immediate medical intervention. Knowing what to do after an allergic reaction can make all the difference in ensuring safety and effective treatment. Follow these four crucial steps to respond appropriately.
1. Recognize the Symptoms
The first step in managing an allergic reaction is identifying the symptoms. Different allergens trigger different responses, so it’s important to know what to watch for:
- Airborne allergens (pollen, dust, pet dander, etc.). Airborne allergens typically cause sneezing, a runny or stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes and shortness of breath (especially for asthma sufferers).
- Food allergies. Food allergies typically cause itching, nausea, vomiting or hives. Severe cases may also cause swelling around the mouth and airway closure.
- Medication allergies. Medication allergies may cause a rash, hives and itching. Severe cases may cause swelling and breathing difficulties. If you’re allergic to your medication, your provider will likely recommend switching to another option.
- Latex allergies. Latex allergies may involve a runny or itchy nose, hives and difficulty breathing.
- Insect stings and venom. Watch for swelling around the face, mouth or throat, hives, rapid pulse, dizziness, low blood pressure, wheezing and difficulty breathing. Insect sting and venom allergies can be serious, so it’s essential to keep a close eye on symptoms following a sting or bite.
2. Prioritize Severe Symptoms
Severe symptoms require urgent action. Signs of a serious allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis, include:
- A sudden drop in blood pressure
- Rapid or weak pulse
- Dizziness or fainting
- Swelling that affects breathing or swallowing
- Severe stomach cramps, vomiting or diarrhea
The only effective treatment for anaphylaxis is an epinephrine injection (EpiPen). If you or someone else is experiencing these symptoms, administer the injection right away and call 911. Even if symptoms improve, emergency medical attention is necessary.
3. Manage Mild Symptoms
Mild symptoms like itchy skin or watery eyes are bothersome but not immediately dangerous. Once severe symptoms are under control or if the reaction is mild, begin treatment for discomfort. Over-the-counter medications like antihistamines, decongestants or topical creams can help alleviate symptoms like itching, nasal congestion or mild rashes.
4. Consult an Allergist
Allergies can be unpredictable and overwhelming, but professional guidance can help. If you experience frequent allergic reactions or severe symptoms, consult an allergist for testing and personalized treatment options. Contact Albany ENT & Allergy Services today to schedule an appointment with one of our allergists.