Sleep apnea, a disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep, is not just an adult condition. Pediatric sleep apnea can affect children by leading to other health issues if left untreated. Understanding the causes and importance of treatment is helpful for parents and caregivers to know when to see a doctor.
Causes of Pediatric Sleep Apnea
Pediatric sleep apnea primarily occurs due to two reasons: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA). OSA is the most common type, resulting from a blockage in the airway, typically caused by enlarged tonsils or adenoids, and peaks between ages two and eight. Other contributing factors can include obesity, a family history of sleep apnea and other medical conditions.
Central sleep apnea, though less common in children, happens when the brain fails to send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing. This type is often associated with neurological disorders.
Symptoms of Pediatric Sleep Apnea
Symptoms of OSA may include:
- Snoring, with pauses or gasps while breathing
- Heavy breathing while sleeping
- Restless sleep
- Daytime sleepiness
- Behavioral problems
- Bedwetting
Treating Pediatric Sleep Apnea
Leaving pediatric sleep apnea untreated can lead to a range of physical, cognitive and behavioral issues. One of the most immediate consequences is disrupted sleep, which can affect a child’s overall growth and development. Sleep is essential for the body’s repair processes and for the brain’s ability to consolidate learning and memory.
Treatment for pediatric sleep apnea varies based on the underlying cause and severity. For children with OSA due to enlarged tonsils or adenoids, surgical removal of the tonsils and adenoids is often recommended. For those with obesity-related apnea, weight management through diet and exercise can be beneficial. In some cases, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, which uses a machine to keep the airway open during sleep, might be necessary.
Recognizing the signs of pediatric sleep apnea and seeking timely treatment is essential for the well-being of affected children. By addressing this condition early, parents can ensure their children can enjoy healthy, restful sleep, leading to better overall health and development. If you suspect your child may have sleep apnea, consult with a doctor to explore treatment options by contacting Albany ENT & Allergy Services today.